Evaluation of presence and human-raptor conflict with Spizaetus isidori in argentine yungas using local knowledge

The Black-and-chestnut Eagle, Spizaetus isidori, inhabits subtropical and tropical montane cloud forests of the Andes slopes, along a vertical line that extends from Northwestern Venezuela to Northwestern Argentina. Categorized as Endangered, the species is persecuted in Colombia and Ecuador because they frequently prey domestic fowls. Although there are scarce records of the species in Argentina, the Black-and-chestnut Eagle partially feeds on chickens in the only known nest of the country. In order to obtain new records and to evaluate the existence and degree of conflict between the species and local settlers, we conducted 115 semi-structured interviews during 2016 in different areas of montane cloud forests in the Yungas of Jujuy and Salta provinces. We studied the perception, interactions and knowledge of local actors of diverse ethnic adscription and occupations, including rangers, cattle-breeders, school teachers and touristic guides. Only 27% of the interviewees reported they had seen the eagle at least once, and 8,7% recognized its vocalization but they had never seen the species; therefore, we identified 67 new possible sightings for Spizaetus isidori. Although 67% of the interviewees have domestic fowls none of them reported conflicts with the Black-and-chestnut Eagle, with the exception of three cases where the identity of the eagle could not be determine. On the other hand, the interviews allowed us to recognize the existence of conflicts with other species. Further and deeper studies on the relationship between local settlers and wildlife are needed, in order to detect and prevent potential conflicts and to reduce present problems.